{"id":12494,"date":"2020-11-24T17:39:18","date_gmt":"2020-11-24T22:39:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marinersmuseum.org\/?p=12494"},"modified":"2025-03-27T07:42:48","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T11:42:48","slug":"hampton-roads-during-wwii-the-wacs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marinersmuseum.org\/2020\/11\/hampton-roads-during-wwii-the-wacs\/","title":{"rendered":"Hampton Roads during WWII: the WACs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The Women\u2019s Army Corps (WAC) was formed in 1942; originally it was the Women\u2019s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), but it was converted to active duty status in 1943. This made WACs unique to other women\u2019s military groups, because it was the first time, and the only group, that integrated women into the United States Military. Around 150,000 women volunteered to serve in the WAC during World War II. Women were not allowed to fulfill \u2018active combat\u2019 roles in the military, but that still left over 250 support roles in the army to step into, from stenographer to map maker, photographer to truck driver, mechanic to switchboard operator. All of these positions were vital to the war effort. Many of the women who joined the WAC had a relative or sweetheart already serving, and hoped to bring their loved ones home sooner by aiding in the war effort. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Most of these women served on the homefront, taking over office and other non-combat jobs so that men were able to go overseas to fight. These women were stationed in every type of state-side Army installation, working with the Army Service Forces, Ground Forces, the Army Air Forces, and in Army Hospitals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Civilian women and WACs at work, Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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A Transportation Corps WAC at work<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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WACs work in a lab<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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T\/4 Mary Hasdy, dispatcher, is shown at the motor pool dispatch board.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

WACs arrived at the Hampton Roads Port Of Embarkation (HRPE) on April 10, 1943 and worked at the port until the beginning of 1946, when they were either discharged or transferred (Library of Virginia; Daily Press; 03 February 1946). \u201cTheir work was so outstanding that more Wacs were requisitioned and three complete companies of Wacs are working there now\u201d (The Times Dispatch, 25 March 1944).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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WACs gathered around fire and grilling during picnic held at Camp Patrick Henry.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Women and WACs pose with the 3rd WAC Company sign<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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WACs in discussion<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The WACs working at the HRPE fulfilled many roles. Many organized the shipment of soldiers, nurses, and supplies to go overseas. They organized arrivals and departures, travel housing, and more. Several worked as secretaries or stenographers in army offices. Others worked as mechanics, testing and maintaining vehicles to be shipped overseas. In one newspaper article, encouraging women to join the WAC at HRPE, stated: \u201cWomen are urgently needed now to fill vital war jobs in Hampton Roads. Some of the jobs which are open to Wacs in the Transportation Corps are as follows: clerks typists, filing clerks, interpreters of languages, dispatchers \u2013 transportation cars and vessels \u2013 X-ray and dental technicians.\u201d (The Times Dispatch, 25 March 1944).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1st Lt. Arlenne H. Goodridge at her desk in the WAC Orderly Room at Camp Patrick Henry.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Wacs working on vehicle during Wac Day in Newport News, Va<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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WAC switchboard operators<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Pfc. Van Wilgen, Sharon cooling off between deliveries.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The WACs weren\u2019t all work, though, the port boasted a women\u2019s softball, tennis, and basketball team, the women were given time to ride horses, visit the beaches, see the local sites (including The Mariners\u2019 Museum, Colonial Williamsburg, and the Virginia War Museum), participate in dances and socials, and more!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Pvt. Eloise Bowman, a Native American woman from New Mexico drinks a toast to success of Pvt. John B. Luna who was also Native American, from Arizona. Photo was taken at recreation hall 6 during the WAC party in celebration of the WACs entry into the army.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Three WACs pose on a tennis court. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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HRPE WACs playing basketball<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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HRPE WACs playing softball<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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WACs visit the War Museum in Newport News, VA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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WACs visit The Mariners’ Museum and pose with the LANCASTER Eagle<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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HRPE WACs visit Colonial Williamsburg and speak with an interpreter<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some WACs, stationed at HRPE and elsewhere, departed from the port when they were stationed abroad, too. In fact, nearly 1.5 million men and women were processed in and out of the port during the war (in the month of November 1945, the port debarked 127,000 people, and over 152,000 tons of cargo!) <\/em>(Daily Press, 17 June 2017; Daily Press, 7 December 1945) . The first battalion of WACs in the European Theater of Operations (ETO) arrived in London in July 1943. These WACs served a variety of occupations, but there was an especially high demand for switchboard operators and typists. As the war progressed, more WACs were sent abroad to support the war effort, stationed later in France, Italy, Germany and many other locations on the continent. Some members of First WAC company, HRPE, were also sent to the Pacific Theater, specifically to New Guinea (Daily Press, 5 February 1945).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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WAC Officers bid good luck to WACs leaving for overseas duty.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Three former HRPE Wacs going overseeas on the HMS Andes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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A WAC on board a transportation vessel headed overseas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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WACs dressed and equipped to head overseas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Embarking through HRPE, WACs would be housed and organized until they were ready to ship out, just like any other military personnel. The WACs would be given important information on where they were headed and what to expect when they arrived. They would also be served some \u2018last comforts of home\u2019 by Red Cross volunteers at HRPE, like evening dances, hot dogs, coffee and donuts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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WACs receives pint of milk from a Red Cross worker, just after debarking from service abroad.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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WACs, onboard a transport, make their overseas cabin feel at home<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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WAC officers dressed to embark with additional women of their unit standing behind them. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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WACs working at HRPE greet other women headed overseas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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A WAC checks-in an injured serviceman<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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WACs working at HRPE watch other servicemembers depart<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

We are especially lucky, at The Mariners\u2019 Museum and Park, to house more than 1,200 photographs showing WACs working in, and traveling through HRPE. These include propaganda photos, training photos, lifestyle photos, event and parade photos, and working photos. It\u2019s an amazing resource!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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WACs practice by climbing on and off a training course shaped like a boat <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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WACs, wearing their helmets and PT uniforms, practice using a lifeboat<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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A WAC and a soldier work side by side<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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WACs operate telegraphs<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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A WAC MP directs traffic for a WAC driver<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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WACs working with tanks<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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A WAC at work<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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A WAC at work<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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WACs celebrating Christmas at HRPE, with first sergeant dog. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Captain Elizabeth R. Williams, WAC Staff Director, is shown directing ambulatory patients just debarked from ship.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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A parade float with WACs in uniforms for different seasons and weather, with two TC flags at the back. The float sign reads “WACs on PARADE”.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/librarygallery.marinersmuseum.org\/exhibits\/show\/hrpe\/intro<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.newspapers.com\/search\/legacy\/#query=WACs+Hampton+Roads+port+of+Embarkationu0026dr_year=1943-1946u0026p_place=VA<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.dailypress.com\/news\/newport-news\/dp-nws-ww2-port-of-embarkation-hampton-roads-20170616-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Women\u2019s Army Corps (WAC) was formed in 1942; originally it was the Women\u2019s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), but it was converted to active duty status in 1943. This made WACs unique to other women\u2019s military groups, because it was the first time, and the only group, that integrated women into the United States Military. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":15674,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"byline":{"profiles":[{"type":"byline_id","atts":{"term_id":98,"post_id":4697}},{"type":"byline_id","atts":{"term_id":102,"post_id":4711}}]},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"mariners_open_graph_description":"","mariners_open_graph_image":0,"mariners_open_graph_title":"","mariners_featured_image_focal_point":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[26,151,82,37,21,24],"prominence":[],"audience_motivation":[64],"byline":[98,102],"class_list":["post-12494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-collections","tag-hampton-roads-history","tag-military","tag-military-conflict","tag-photography","tag-womens-history"],"yoast_head":"\nHampton Roads during WWII: the WACs - The Mariners' Museum and Park<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinersmuseum.org\/2020\/11\/hampton-roads-during-wwii-the-wacs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hampton Roads during WWII: the WACs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Women\u2019s Army Corps (WAC) was formed in 1942; originally it was the Women\u2019s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), but it was converted to active duty status in 1943. 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